"The whole movement of life is learning" (Krishnamurti). "To be an act of knowing, then, the adult literacy process must engage the learners in the constant problematizing of their existential situations" (Freire). "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free" (Douglass). "I can learn anything I have the desire to learn" (White, S.G.).

Friday, June 27, 2014

Parking Lot or Busy Intersection?


I enjoyed the reading from Reder this week. The piece that stood out the most to me dealt with the "Parking Lot Model", from Lender. Lender suggested that the existing program/model only looks at how long students are "parked in the program"... Lender wants to move towards a model that is more similar to a "busy intersection" and looks more at which direction people take when they leave instead of how long they spend parked. 

The "busy intersection" model is something I'd push to move towards as well. I've borrowed a few words here from the internet, but felt it was important to add in the opinions of others. Looking at a busy intersection, you see a very diverse pool of students. Some move faster than others, some need help to get through. For some, this help is in the form of technology, for others, it's from a teacher or peer. From the intersection, there are many exits. Most exits lead to new opportunities, careers, etc. However, one exit is simply the end. I'd like to think of us practitioners as crossing guards or traffic directors. We have the power to help these students in the intersection choose which exit to take. As Reder stated, "When we look further into the actual learning facility behind this metaphor, we see that students come to the program from different directions and depart towards different destinations. The adult education program helps them choose the best path as they leave the program and provides them with the resources and supports to become persistent lifelong learners and reach their destinations." 

What a simple metaphor for such a complex issue.

Sunday, June 22, 2014

Digital Literacy: Social and Academic



     I enjoy digital literacy.  I pay bills on-line, I manage my academic blog, I own a Kindle, and I regularly e-mail friends and family.  What I don’t do is tweet or “friend” people.  For years I have weighed the value of joining social media for purely social reasons.  When my youngest child went to college, I figured I would “join” her socially.  She graduated last month without me lurking.  When a dear, true friend moved to Cairo, Egypt to teach, I figured I would finally “join”.  I didn’t.  She came back to visit this past weekend, a year away from each other, and I was still the one she turned to, asking for a little party to see everyone (that she saw on Facebook).  After reading the article JG shared this week, I even pondered experimenting by “joining”.  Yet, I’m still on the fence.  I think I have concluded one thing; I’m not against social digital media.  I’m actually glad people enjoy it.

    I guess my modified version of social media is a family e-mail that I send once a month to the closest relatives.  They all respond, and their always glad I started it or so they say.  We only see each other once each year, so we can keep in touch this way.  Many of them have “joined”, and sometimes I miss out on pictures I guess.  I guess I’d have more friends if I “joined”, but that might also change my definition of friend.  I enjoy lunch out with my friends, but I also see this is sometimes risky.  In many ways I think we like to avoid risks.  Maybe someone won’t answer when I call them on the phone, caller ID allows me to screen who I want to talk to when.  Chatting with someone on-line might be less risky, but then I don’t really want to chat with my friends – I want to see them, interact and know what they are thinking, as much as what they are saying.  Again, I’m not against social digital media, it’s just not my chosen form of interaction.

     Time might be a factor in my decision too.  I don’t want to be tempted to access something when I’m standing in line waiting – It might make me less angry that I am waiting, but then I am waiting for a human interaction.  Paying my bills anymore, doesn't even require me to stand in line for stamps.  That statement proves I’m not physically writing letters either – so maybe some part of my literacy skills are suffering by not joining socially.   Sometimes when I attend joyful (name changed to protect the innocent) hour after work on Fridays, people walk in knowing what others have done all week because they are connected.  I do at times feel left out, and I sit and think “maybe I should just join”.  When I get home, I’m over that thought because I have just connected socially with a fun group of people.  Now, I’m home with family and I want to connect with them, not with the internet. 


      Still, I’m not against this stuff.  This blog right now allows me to interact socially with my peers, but then am I doing this for academic reasons?  I’m not sure; maybe I’m just weighing things in print, an act of social literacy, because it is an academic expectation.   Perhaps I’m proving another author correct, learners use literacy in two complementary ways, socially and academically.  I’m feeling “squishy” to steal another author’s term.  Maybe social digital media is in my present after all.  Maybe when my kids get married I’ll officially “join”.

The torture of teaching and learning in the ESOL classroom

I decided to blog about the Worthman (2008) article I shared with the class because, as I wrote in the discussion guide, the content is personal to me: I saw myself in both of the ESOL-teacher study participants.   In addition, I can’t resist the opportunity to discuss adult education classrooms as a “site of struggle” and a place where “identity templates” are created.  Have I mentioned that I study identity issues (smile)?

At this point, I’m not sure which way I’m going with my identity research, but I have an intense interest in two broad areas: a) the classroom as a site of literacy practice (a ‘site of struggle’), and b) ESOL curricula that aim to domesticate and/or Other language learners (creating those ‘identity templates’).   For me, something that connects identity in these two areas—classroom and curricula—is the concept of belonging.  At the heart of adult education-ESOL is the learner’s desire to belong to a community of English speakers.  This desire to belong, and the process of creating an English speaking way of being, is what I seek to study.  So, my blog post today about Worthman’s ‘empowerment and emancipation’ article (EE) is written through my identity-belonging lens.

Firstly, EE has us conceptualize power in a Foucault framework of force that “installs itself” through a dominant discourse.  This is different than the notion of ‘power as capital’ that I have been writing about in other discussion guides.  I am humbled by how much I need to learn about the works of these scholars.  Nevertheless, I understand the dominant discourse to be both the discourse in which the learner seeks to belong (a secondary discourse for her) and the discourse that positions her as Other, de-valuing her knowledge and her language, subsuming her into the monological discourse of English-speaking ‘America’.



EE has us look at the adult education-ESOL classroom as a site of struggle, where this Foucaultian power is felt by the learner as she learns how to be in a secondary discourse, the monological—one and only—discourse of her new culture.  Power is delivered through this one discourse in a way that disciplines and
molds her into an ‘identity template’ of a ‘model citizen.’  Wow, I didn’t know all of this heavy stuff was going on.  It sounds like the ESOL classroom is a site of medieval torture!  Where am I, as teacher, in this gruesome scenario?

EE profiles two ESOL-teacher study participants, either of which could be found in a typical adult education ESOL program in our state. Both seek to teach adult learners the skills necessary to belong; however, one is using a method that 'molds' and 'disciplines', the other is using a method that ignores the mold.   

I realize I have set a tone that molding and discipline are somehow 'torture,' and that we should aim to defy this monological power, but I have also learned that we cannot assume an awareness of or desire to defy it on the part of learners.  On a more theoretical level, I argue that making the assumption that learners have a desire or will to defy the power that is, is acting as an agent of a different discourse, a counter- and critical- discourse, one in which the learner many not have a need to belong.

In the end, this dilemma is a torture.  It is the torture of trying to do what we think is best while respecting the agency of adults who seek to join the English speaking community. 

Thanks for taking the time to read through my ramblings!  

Saturday, June 21, 2014

Reading is power.

Reading is power.  Power because of the knowledge it can bring. The doors it can open and a
sense of self and identity it can help to shape or solidify for the reader.

In adult education – literacy – the ability to read and read well also brings freedom.  Freedom to do – to try – to reach for something more; whether you are in ESL, ABE, GED, K-12, or Higher Education.

For those that want to be seen for who they are (on their own terms) and not labeled by their education or lack thereof; the ability to manipulate those letters into sounds that form words, enable language, and with that language the user has a voice. In the world of education, having a voice is what gives you an arena or platform to be seen.

In chapter one of Janks, Literacy and Power, (p.11) English is defined as the “global language” in South Africa. In a country where there are many tribal dialects and languages, representative of the people that comprise its country and culture; the “linguistic diversity” of the country is categorized by level of importance.

Janks argued that by teaching children in only two languages - Afrikaans and English - children’s cultural identities were not being acknowledged and were therefore, “compromised”. Those two languages were seen as the key to learning, the key to power, and the key to freedom:
                “I could not but be aware that language is fundamentally tied to questions of power.”
                “…the fundamental connections between language and learning were clear.”
Clearly identity is tied to language and culture for all of us.  When your native language is not represented and acknowledge as important in your own country, what message does that send to us about our importance?  What does that do to you when you become an adult?  Where is your sense of self? What is your sense of self? Where is your power?

These past week’s readings for TEDU 681 were diverse in their subject matter and focus, to say the least. Yet, I found that there was a universal thread that connected them all. Each assigned reading (Strucker, Alamprese, Janks, and Reder) examined the many different facets that make up or fall under the Adult literacy umbrella. I became more knowledgeable about the lack of funding made available for more research studies, theoretical discourse, critical theory, what comprises reading component assessment in a constructive and beneficial way for the learner; along with literacy practices by learners and their place in formal assessment of literacy skills in and outside of the classroom.  All of this had me thinking about my own reading abilities, and how I learned as a child through to my current status as “Adult learner” in Grad school. My fundamental identity of who I am is comprised of many things.  But my ability to read and practice various literacy skill-sets, at this point in my life, has empowered me beyond what I could have possibly imagined for myself in this dual role I now inhabit as an educator and learner.

As a reader of this week’s assigned material, there were times when I felt overwhelmed by the language and uncertain that I understood or could connect with the material. Yet, I didn't give up. I took my time (as much was possible and still meet the deadlines imposed) and found myself going

“back to the basics” of how I was taught by various teachers in my past.  I went back to learned skills of breaking apart the reading material and allowing myself time to absorb what I was reading so that I could better understand the material.  I didn't lose my dignity or sense of self in the process and nor should any adult learner.  In the world of Adult literacy, educators assist adult learners find their power.



Monday, June 16, 2014

Plurp, fronkett, gan...


        Plurp, fronkett, gan, fosh, nubble, staviousness… I’m pushing spell check today.  Nonsense words follow conventional sound-letter rules.  To start teaching our students we need to know where they are at.  Their current reading level can be determined with various tests, but our reading this week discussed nonsense words and we were asked to ponder the idea of why students who cannot manage the nonsense, can make great gains with phonics instruction. 

        I recall reading “Jabberwocky”, Lewis Carroll’s nonsense poem from the novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There.  I knew it was a sequel to Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, but I didn't “get it”.  I could read it, but my comprehension lagged horribly.  I knew something was killed, yet I wasn't sure if it was a good thing or not.  I did learn that the term “chortle” came from this poem, and is no longer a nonsense word.  However, I digress… my point being that when we understand phonics, we can decode, and later (maybe) we can comprehend.  This is what Alamprese discovered from her analysis of results from the WJ-R Word Attack test.  I was trained to administer the Woodcock-Johnson as a learning disability teacher, and administering the word attack is probably my least favorite, because it does seem like nonsense – yet important nonsense. 

        The unevenness of the ABE readers’ profiles is the puzzle the instructor needs to understand and interpret.  It must be a huge challenge, given other students, time, and limited resources.  I understand why statistics consider comprehension when they measure results, and I recognize this must seem frustrating to teachers who witness so many other gains in decoding.  Comprehension is the level that makes a difference in real life.  Decoding “plurp” makes no difference if I cannot comprehend its meaning.  Still, I empathize for the student who takes pride in reading “plurp” and the instructor that devoted such time to hear them read “plurp”.

Strucker

Taking READ 602 this past semester certainly opened my eyes to the difficulties involved in teaching ABE readers. As Strucker stated: “Like other ABE teachers, I have struggled to teach learners with very widely divergent needs in the same class. It can be done if the teacher recognizes who those learners are and what their needs are, but it entails a terrible sacrifice of their limited and precious instructional time. To put it another way, attempting to teach "Richards" and "Vanessas" at the same time involves cutting in half the instructional time available to each type of learner.” During READ 602, I was tasked with finding a learner who struggled with basic literacies and then developing strategies to combat these struggles. After putting my learner through diagnostic testing, it was recommended that I focus my instruction on fluency, word meaning, spelling, phonemic awareness, visual memory and word recognition. These recommendations differ based on testing outcomes. 

As you can see, this reflects what Strucker mentions as far as having difficulty finding time to address the individual concerns of each learner- emphasizing that it would cut the instructional time available to each type of learner in HALF. I completely agree with this, as it took me hours upon hours to develop the most basic of basic strategies to assist my learner (trying to highlight his strengths while developing strategies to assist his needs). This is where I’d say ABE teachers are tasked with an almost impossible goal of addressing individual needs in very diverse classrooms- uneven learning profiles, which calls for a second look at testing and instructional policy.

Episteme/Phronesis

It seems as if the rest of you had SIMILAR problems, trying to distinguish/pronounce/spell/etc. episteme and phronesis. After reading the Flyvbjerg article, I found my way over to what seems to be his personal website which discusses his research of "Phronetic Planning" and "Phronetic Social Science". After reading this over, I slowly began to formulate answers to our discussion.

In my response to Dr. Muth, I attempted to compare the two approaches to our lecture last week with Dr. Susan Clair. Phronesis would be best used to answer the question of “Who gains and who loses from the GED restructuring and by which mechanisms of power? Is it desirable to base federal funding for ABE based on population? Which direction do we, as a nation, want to go with ABE? Of course, I'm not even sure if this makes total sense, but I felt that those were all questions that we could use phronetic science to answer...how many forms of this word can I use?

Episteme seemed a little easier to define. It literally translates to science. It's analytic information gained from controlled experiments. The major difference here is that it does not involve judgement, values, or interest. This is where phronesis goes BEYOND episteme. Phronesis involves social interaction/discussion vs strict observation, which seems to be at the core of episteme.

Saturday, June 14, 2014

How Do You Say Episteme and Phronesis? Gesundheit? Thank you!

Synthesized Knowledge: Episteme and Phronesis...are the intertwined faculties...


I’ve been thinking for a few days (subconsciously) about what to write about for my first blog post for our TEDU 681 class. Mostly, I’ve been thinking about our first assignment, the DG on episteme and phronetic ways of learning. Wondering if I got it right in my answers and then wondering:  Why am I wondering? I believe I understand the terms and I believe that how we learn as students (adult learners) and the steps in how we teach, as educators have been illustrated in the article provided by Dr. M (a.k.a “Bill”).

If I understood what I read, then episteme describes the study of learning (research methods) for better understanding and phronetic is the application of that gained insight, understanding, or knowledge to facilitate the lesson or learning.

(I agree with Lisa – my spell- checker, does not like these terms – “phronetic” especially -  and causes me to wonder, if I am using it correctly. If I am not, then does that mean I don’t understand the term and what it represents?  It’s a vicious circle of doubt every time that red line appears. It’s almost as though Word knows, that I am not 100% in my argument, before I even begin.)

In our class, I feel that we are about to begin a journey of learning, guided with a slight hand by Dr. M on the best way to create a study of understanding (episteme) so that we can implement a plan of phronetic study to arrive at a finished body of work with our projects.  *See I’ve used the terms
and I think I got it right, yet they are so unfamiliar that I am uncomfortable and immediately begin to use mental examples of what I mean to reassure myself. I do feel that these two practices of achieving increased proficiency in adult literacy with language learners are interconnected.  Can one exist without the other? I feel that an argument can be made for yes they can. But why is it necessary to have one system of belief or practice that takes precedence over the other? Why not embrace the duality of the two when used together to achieve higher reading/literacy proficiency with your learner?

An example of this can be found in John Strucker’s article, What Silent Reading Tests Alone Can’t Tell You. In Strucker’s article, the utilization of diagnostic assessments to improve how instructors taught and how students learned was a composite of episteme study and phronetic practice to facilitate the end result.

For the adult learner that wants to improve their literacy, how they get there is as important as achieving their goals. For the instructor the methodology used to bring their student(s) along, should showcase the same commitment and care to facilitate their learner(s) needs.   How they get there with their learner(s), should be, by any means necessary.


Diary of a struggle

WEDNESDAY:  Erased my entire 500-word post and started over.

THURSDAY: This week’s topic on "Two Perspectives in Adult Literacy Research" (2Ps) has sparked my interest. I was all over the place with ideas until I read Lisa's post about resisting the spell checker on the word phronesis. That statement made me smile and gave me a completely different way to think about the essence of our discussion--knowledge.

One of the things I love about our collaborative blog is the way it challenges my ideas.  I relish the opportunity to dialogue with you in this shared space.  I find this public, social-learning to be very appealing.  In a way, it's a phronetic practice.  Right before our eyes, we can see the learning.  Physics envy?  I don't think so.  Social science rules!  Or, maybe not...

FRIDAY: Stuck at a dead end.

SATURDAY:  Just read Bill's comment on Lisa's post.  I'm on the wrong track, again.  This is the second time I've erased a long post and sit, staring at the blank screen.  I' struggling with these concepts and I don't know why.  I was going to write about knowing when to stand your ground, trust what you know, and  resist doing exactly what I'm doing now.  Apparently, there is a disconnect between what I wrote and what I'm doing.  Lisa - I'm caving-in to the 'spell-checker' and changing my answer.  Ugh.

The clock is ticking.

I had it all arranged in my head that episteme and phronesis were different parts of a 'whole' epistemology.  I thought of them as being complementary.  Different epistemologies and different ways of knowing?  I'm stuck.

'Ways of knowing' takes me back to the beginning of this program. There,  I was focused on learning about these ideas, but not yet able to look so critically in the mirror at myself.  Now we're discussing ways of studying ways of knowing.  If I were to look in the mirror now, I would describe myself as being more comfortable with episteme.  I seek discrete facts and ways to connect them.  I'm trying to do that right now!

I want to be a person who take a phronetic approach to studying literacy.  I want to think of myself as someone who doesn't judge and is able to see something for more than the sum of its discrete parts.    However, I apparently have a need to connect, categorize, and generalize.  How does this cloud what I want to do?

In one of the previous versions of this post  I wrote that social scientists are the research machines in their fields.  We are the -scopes and -graphs and tools that gather data.  As such,  we must be transparent about our perspectives and biases because they affect what we see and how we interpret it.  It is not possible to not have a way of knowing that is present in our work.  A way of knowing is part of our identity and part of our work.  There I go making connections again.  I'm hitting the publish button.













  






Thursday, June 12, 2014

Adult ed resource

In case anyone is interested in this new resource for their seminar project, here's the link to the new Handbook for Sustaining Standards-Based Education in Adult Education that Kristin told us about.

Wednesday, June 11, 2014

Episteme and Phronesis

       I love books.  I read books for pleasure and for knowledge.  When I need to understand something I tend to rely on book knowledge.  I think this was the way I was originally taught to learn – episteme.  To me the “new to me” term, episteme, means I have gained knowledge from the act of learning; tonight this learning came from reading an assigned article.  I think reading is one arena where I am really comfortable learning.  Another would be a classroom.  These are structured environments.  Teaching primarily math (as I do), like science, is a model of epistemology (I just googled this to determine if I have made up a new word – and I learned that I might have even used it appropriately).   In math, there is the right answer and many wrong answers.   I like this way of thinking.  It is analytical.  It’s where I am comfortable.


      Today I think education is leaning toward my other newly learned term, phronesis.   This term causes me to think harder as my Microsoft product underlines it with a red squiggle.  Am I spelling it wrong?  I have to now combine my book knowledge with some real life experience.  Although I might have my book knowledge, I now have to construct meaning from my personal experiences - Microsoft isn't always correct.  I have to apply my understanding as I resist letting Microsoft turn my new word into “prognosis”.  This is what we are asking students to do in education when we ask them to practice phronesis – essentially we are asking them to trust what they know and not let spell check change their experiences.  I think this is a good thing, “learning by doing” is the way I’m simplifying it for my analytical mind.  Perhaps we are combining our book smarts with our common sense and equating it to the best of both worlds.